Lisanul Arab (Ibn Manzur Afriqi)
The difference between the Ahad and Wahid is this: Ahad is a negation i.e. no other one found while Wahid is in its essence (Dhat) one beyond any similarities or copies; Ahad is one but only in meaning i.e. intellectually since no concept of numbers or ‘similarities’ or ‘copies’ applies to it. Wahid cannot be decomposed and cannot be made dual and cannot be sliced and partitioned. [3]
Note: Ahad can be used interchangeably for Shai’ (Object) or vice-a-versa e.g. 60:11 And if any Shai’ (One) of your wives deserts you to the Unbelievers.
Zahir/Zuhur: Emergence of an abstraction that continues to stay the same e.g. an apple is made up of unnumbered many atoms and particles and field-forces and so on in constant vibration and exchange. But the abstraction of an apple in our minds and eyes and language is a continual abstraction that is observable via the senses. This continual form of appearance of something that comes into existence is called Zuhur or Emergent Abstraction.
Maghribi’s own introduction
In The Name of Allah
The Rahman
The Rahim; and
there is no shield or power except by Allah—Al-'Aliyu Al-'Azimu—Hamd
(Adoration)
beyond bounds and unnumbered Shukr (Gratitude) deserving the Dhat
(Divine
Essence) that ITs
infinite
uniqueness (Wahdat) is the genesis the Ahadiyat
(Extreme Divine Oneness) and Wahidiyat (Verbal Divine Oneness), the order and
organization of the Azaliat (Sempiternity) and Abadiyat (Eternity), the
connection between the Zahiriyat (Abstract Emergence) and Batiniyat
(Concealed Internality), the middle-agent between the Awwaliyat (Primordality)
and Akhiriyat (Endmost Last-ness). All gaping chasms are Isharat (Pointing)
at Hu
(IT,
He),
the ubiquitous Barzakh (Barrier) is all about Hu, and Haqiqat-Muhammadi
(Praiseworthy Reality) is Khud (Divine Self)
for
Hu. [1]
And limitless praise in perpetual close proximity to the Hadhrat
(Divine
Presence) that by means of Ta’ayyun-Awwal (Primordial Contrast)
and
Tajalli-Awwal (Primordial Lucent Manifestation)
which guaranteed the self-awareness/consciousness, (in addition to) the
Kamal
(Perfection) of Dhat (Essence) and Asma’ (The Society of
All
Names)—Tafsilan (Via Divisible and Detailed processes)—and by
means of the second-Tajalli (Lucent Manifestation)
an aspect of the Wahidiyat (Verbal Divine Oneness),
did the Ta’yyin
(Assignment of meanings and semantics) for the rank of 'Uluhiyat (Deified
Beloved-ness) that includes the Zahir (Abstract Emergence) of the
Wujud
(Being) which
is an
infinitely particularized Wujub (Imminent, Must-Be) characterization of
Hu
(IT,
Him)
while also includes the Zahir (Abstract Emergence) of ‘Ilm (Divine
Knowledge); since Imkan (Potentialities, Probabilities) is one of ITs
Lawazim
(Flowing
Contrasting Attributes) and includes the reality of the human being
as
the Barzakh (Barrier) between the Wujub (Imminent Actuality) and Imkan
(Potentiality, Probability).
Ever-sprouting adoration and praise for the Chieftain (Muhammad) that
the
realities, spirits and corporealities are the Tafsil (Detailedness) of
the
realities of his spirit and his corporeality, truly the benefactor for
all
spirits and corporealities Ijmalan (Quantally, without divisibility and
detailedness); peace and blessing be upon his family and his children,
the
household that carried the throne of his Shariat (Divine Law, Prophetic
Mannerism), the engravers of his primary and secondary
engravings (as in engravings on a seal to sing+seal letters/edicts),
may Allah be
pleased with
all of them collectively.
A group of friends who are the seekers of the knowledge of Tauhid (Divine Oneness)
and love to Tahqiq (Research) and love to Tajrid (Forsake this
world), and yet could not understand the language of this Nation
(Sufis)
and could not understand their books, thus begged this Faqir (Pauper)
to
write a Risalah (Treatise) that would include a comprehensive knowledge
for
Tauhid (Divine Oneness) and organization of Wujud (Being), and
they asked
me to use the geometry of a circle for each level/layer/organization of
the
Wujud and Tauhid
thus
utilize the shapes of what can be observed to open the gates of the
meanings
and concepts. I did accept their request and after praying the
Istikhara
(Special Prayer for making decisions), composed a treatise which I
called
Jām-eh Jahān Namā (Crystal Cosmic Viewer). I hope for That
Nonpareil Divine Presence to guard this short write-up from mistakes
and
oversights. It is the case that IT is
able
to do anything and ITs response most befitting and worthy.
This treatise comprises of two (related or concentric) circles each
with a
line going through the center halving the circle into two arcs and the
said
line is the Barzakh (Barrier partitioning):
1. Circle 1: Ahadiyat (Extreme
Divine Oneness) as one arc and the
Wahidiyat (Intellectual Divine Oneness) as the
second arc. And Wahdat (Verbal
Divine Oneness) is what relates/links/entangles Wujud (Being-ness) to
‘Ilm (Divine
Knowledge) to Nur (Divine Light)
to
Shuhud (Observation) to Tajalli (Lucent Manifestation)
to Ta’ayyun-Awwal (Primordial Ocular Contrast).
2. Circle 2: Dealing with the Zahir (Emergence) of
the Wujud (Being)
which is the
Wujub (Imminent, Inevitable Actuality) of infinitely particularized
Nafs (Divine
Self) of
Hu (IT,
He) and the Zahir (Emergence) of the ‘Ilm (Divine
Knowledge) that is probable and potential due to the Lawazim (Flowing
Contrasting Attributes) of Hu (IT,
Him).
And the secondary Barzakh (Barrier) that is the reality of humanity
i.e.
human being is the barrier separating the Wujub (Imminent Actuality
free of
potentialities) from all probabilities and potentialities. And this
circle
also deals with the secondary Tajalli (Lucent Manifestation)
Circle 1
May Allah
aid you
with a spirit from ITself,
(in
this circle) still the laws of the Zuhur (Emergence) within the Butun
(Innermost Cores) fully enclosed and the laws of Wahidiyat (Intellectual
Divine Oneness) within the Ahadiyat (Extreme
Divine Oneness) fully enclosed,
and both inescapably inserted within the authoritative power of Wahdat
(Verbal Divine Oneness). And even the
identifications such as ‘Ainiyat
(Having Essence) or Ghayriat (Other-than-ness) or Ism (Having Name)
or
Rasm (Having design) or Ni’at (Having characterizations) or Wasf
(Having descriptions) or Zuhur (Having Abstraction) or Butun (Having
inmost
core) or Kathrat (Multitude) or numerical 1-ness or Wujub (Actuality)
or
Imkan (Potentiality) are all exiled within the Ahadiyat (Extreme Divine
Oneness). Moreover Zahiriyat (Emergence) and Batiniyat (Concealed
internality) or even Awwaliyat (Primordiality)
and Akhiriyat (Endmost-ness) are all concealed as well (without a
trace).
Within the impenetrable solitude of Ghayb (Unobservable Unseen), Allah as a
Shāhid (Observing Witness) willed a Huwiya (Who-ness, That-ness,
IT-ness) and thus manifested ITself
to
ITself: Manifested with the Divine Attribute of Wahdat (Verbal Oneness) and
thus the first primordial Ta’ayyun (Ocular Contrast)
i.e.
contrast between being absent and being present, caused the Huwiya
(Who-ness,
That-ness) to emerge (i.e. Hu).
And the latter is a form of Wahdat (Verbal Oneness)
which is the origin of
all Qābiliyat (Receptivity)
and
for IT
emergence
or concealment is the same since Hu (IT) is the Qabil (Receptive)
to both
what is emerged and what is concealed. Wahdat (Verbal
Oneness) is the
Muzhir (Place of emergence or manifestation) for both Ahadiyat (Extreme
Oneness) and Wahidiyat (Intellectual Oneness)
since both Ahadiyat and
Wahidiyat are relative and have no (standalone) emergence except by
means of
some inter-linkage (Entanglement) between them and that linkage is
Wahdat
(Verbal Oneness).
Therefore both Ahadiyat (Extreme Divine Oneness)
and Wahidiyat (Intellectual
Oneness) are results of and generated from the Wahdat (Verbal Divine
Oneness). (Dara: He means without Wahdat, both Ahadiyat and
Wahidiyat would
have no emergence, though they exist; their emergence or their
appearance
within this universe and within hearts and intellects is the active
actions
of the Wahdat as a Verbal Divine Oneness) [2]
As love (the verb of loving) is the inter-linkage between lover-ness
and
beloved-ness. (Dara: Without the active actions of the verb love no
heart or
intellect can grasp the concepts of a lover or a beloved, similar to
the fact
that without the active verb of tasting the taste of honey is beyond
the
reach of any explanation or description!)
Therefore this Wahdat (Verbal Divine Oneness) is
the very essence of the
Ahadiyat (Extreme Divine Oneness) and Wahidiyat (Intellectual Divine Oneness)
as the knower the known and the knowledge are the same within the Dhat
(Divine Essence) i.e. with regards to Allah’s essence
the very concepts of knower and the known and knowledge are all but One
and
indistinguishable . (Dara: Only the very verb of knowing actions the
discernment-entanglement between the knower and the known. You need to
discern between the existence and emergence, the knower the knowing and
the
known are all in existence as one but they EMERGE as separate entities
for
our intellects if and only if the verb to know issues its actions in
our
universe.Ya Azizam...)
Therefore consider the Wahdat (Verbal Divine Oneness)
in a similar fashion:
it is the very linkage between Ahadiyat (Extreme Divine Presence) (a
modality) wherein there is no other creation not even numbers and
Wahidiyat
(Intellectual Divine Oneness) where the
intellects can cognize ITs
Oneness
by worldly constructs e.g. numbers. To make all this mentally clear the
geometry of a circle with a halving line has been rendered.
Dara: In this biological form and in this transient universe we
comprehend
objects as the mapping between two spaces, we have no ability to
understand a
single entity in and of itself away and free from all else! Our
intellect
requires a stratum or the background-space upon which entities reside
and the
mapping between the stratum and these entities forms cognition within
our
minds and hearts. The said two arcs reside upon the stratum of the
halving
line and all linkage and communications takes place vis-à-vis
this halving
line.
The design of the first circle is comprised of Ahadiyat (Extreme Oneness),
Wahdat (Verbal Oneness) and Wahidiyat (Intellectual Oneness) and this circle
is halved by the line passing through the center and each half is
called Qaus
(Arc) i.e. one Ahadiyat Qaus (Arc) and the other Wahidiyat Qaus (Arc).
The
cutting line forming a Barzakh (Barrier) between the two Qaus (Arc) is
called
Qaba-Qausain (Measure
of two
arcs) which is the bearer of the Tajalli-Awwal (First Primordial Manifestation)
that is coined as Haqiqat-Muhammadi (Praiseworthy Reality)—May Allah’s peace
and blessing be upon Muhammad.
The Qaus (Arc) of Wahidiyat is sliced into four parts:
1. Wujud (Being-ness)
2. ‘Ilm (Divine
Knowledge)
3. Nur (Divine
Light)
4. Shuhud (Divine Observation)
And these four subdivisions were the direct consequence of the
Ta’ayyun-Awwal (First Primordial Ocular Contrast)
i.e. Allah
made Tajalli
(Lucent Manifestation)
to ITself
and thus ‘found’ ITs Divine Self,
and
the Divine Self became a Hudhur (Presence) in and of ITself free of all
cognitive faculties, Istitar (Veiling),
free from not being found/addressed and absences! This ‘finding’
(of ITself), being available to be found and being subject to
observations is
the Kathrat (Multitude-ness, More-than-one-ness) and as such appears
within
the Qaus (Arc) of Wahidiyat (Intellectual Oneness).
Although these Kathrat
(Multitudes) are only found in one half of the circle, indeed it is in
full
relations to the other arc i.e. Ahadiyat (Extreme
Oneness), since these
attributes are not separable from each other, indeed they are the ‘Ain
(Essences) of each other. (Dara: They are each other’s Ain i.e. Allah
allowed us to be able to see and feel a CONTRAST (Ta’ayyun)
between these attributes of the Divine Oneness,
just like the camera lens that focuses and establishes discernable
contrast
between different spots on a scene, it is one scene but allows for
countless
focus-defocus i.e. contrasts. Or Ain to mean a spring i.e. from the
spring of
More-than-one-ness gushes the Ahadiyat and from the spring of Ahadiyat
pours
out the More-than-one-ness.)
Moreover know that this Tajalli-Awwal (Primordial Lucent Manifestation)
requires Kamal-Dhati (Perfection of Inmost Essence) and Kamal-Asma’i
(Perfection of all Ism) and at
that
this perfection is Ijmali (Quantal). Since this perfection is
absolutely
forbidden through the Tafsili (Divisible and Detailed) processes i.e.
the
discernment of realities of Tauhid (Divine Oneness)
due to the overpowering power of the Wahdat (Verbal
Oneness) are
‘treasures’ within That Hadhrat (Divine Presence). (Dara: Right
now I am looking at my discernable fingers typing on discernable
individual
keys and looking at partitioned pixels of this screen, all these
partitioned
entities are treasures found only by the closeness to the Divine
Presence,
since no power no entity and no process or mechanism can ever eke out a
single discernable partitioned being out of the Ahadiyat! When
something
becomes infinitely perfect then it cannot be in the proximity of other
non-perfect beings and it cannot show any sub-part and slight
alternation or
observation of its internals causes it to cease and for that matter the
infinitely perfect beings are quantal.)
(Dara: [2:30] ‘Inni (I) Jā’ilun (am placing continually, as a doer) within the earth a deputy; ‘Inni (I) is the result of the Tajalli-Awwal (Primordial Lucent Manifestation) and Ta’ayyun-Awwal (Primordial Contrast), while the Ja’ilun i.e. being the doer that places the man upon the earth, is the emerging result of the second Tajalli and second Ta’ayyun.
Tabari
Jā’ilun is the Fā’ilun or the perpetual doer.
Mawardi
Jā’ilun has two meanings
1. The creator
2. A way of doing an action based upon the constraints of an attribute, in this case placing the man upon the earth, again and again, one going and the other appearing.
)
[1] Sheikh wrote: Haqiqat Muhammadi Khud ūst and I kept the term Khud or Self, since his style of writing is so laconic and dense that there is no way he just placed a redundant word in there.
[2] ‘Found ITself’ could have several meanings:
1. Allowed for a Divine Nafs (Self) e.g.
‘wrote over Hus (ITs,
His)
Nafs (Self)
Mercy’.
2. Made this Divine Nafs (Self)
searchable
i.e. people can look for Allah and find
Allah
talk about Allah as a third person.
3. “Allowed for” or “Made this Divine
Self…” could also be understood as Allah providing a form of
focus and contrast, where the human being is able to focus and increase
the
contrast on the Divine Self, reduce the contrast on all else and as
such
without breaking indivisibility of the Divine Presence perceive aspects
that
are normally available only as a single unit.
[3] Wahda-Hu when used in the professing of the Tauhid is in the state
of Rafu’ i.e. it is above the application of any actions or verbs. Ibn
Manzur tells us that Wahd-Hu is always in the state of Nasb except when
it is used for the said professing of the Tauhid. Arab grammarians gave
this state of Nasb three explanations:
1. Wahda-Hu expresses a Hala or state or being in a
state of being somehow
2. Wahda-Hu expresses a Masdar (Verbal Noun), a noun
that renders the non-transient nature of a verb/action.
3. Wahda-Hu is a Zarf (Adverbial) rendering the
how-ness of a verb or the attributes of a verb
All three throw Wahda-Hu into the state of Nasb i.e. the word is under
the action of a verb.
However when used to profess the Oneness of Allah, Wahda-Hu is in the
state of Raf’ i.e. it is above all actions of verbs and bounds of
states.
Zarf: A word used to modify the sense of a verb, adverbial.